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Chapter 18 · Verse 1
🏹 Arjuna speaks
Illustration for Chapter 18, Verse 1

संन्यासस्य महाबाहो तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम्। त्यागस्य च हृषीकेश पृथक्केशिनिषूदन॥

saṁnyāsasya mahābāho tattvamicchāmi veditum | tyāgasya ca hṛṣīkeśa pṛthakkeśiniṣūdana ||

Word by Word 10 words
संन्यासस्य
sam fully ni down as to throw, to cast

of sannyāsa — the full giving up of selfish action

महाबाहो
mahā great bāhu arm

O mighty-armed one — a name for Krishna

तत्त्वम्
tat that tva -ness

the true nature, the real truth of a thing

इच्छामि
iṣ to wish, to desire

I wish, I desire

वेदितुम्
vid to know

to know, to understand

त्यागस्य
tyaj to let go, to give up

of tyāga — the giving up of the fruits of action

ca and

and

हृषीकेश
hṛṣīka the senses īśa lord

O Lord of the senses — a name for Krishna

पृथक्
pṛthak separately, apart

separately, each one on its own

केशिनिषूदन
keśin the demon Keśī niṣūdana slayer

O slayer of the demon Keśī — a name for Krishna

has one last set of questions before the great teaching ends. He says to : "O mighty-armed one, you keep using two words: sannyāsa, which means giving up selfish action, and tyāga, which means giving up the rewards of what we do. They sound almost the same to me, but I sense they are different. Please, O Lord of the senses, tell me the real truth of each one, separately, so I understand them clearly."

कथा

Two Words That Sounded the Same

From the mythological

Seventeen times the wisdom had risen and fallen like the tide. For seventeen chapters had spoken, and had listened, and the great web of teaching had spread across the still battlefield of . Now the day was old. The light had turned the colour of honey, and the long shadows of the chariot stretched out over the dust.

had grown quiet. He was a warrior who had heard enough to fill ten lifetimes, and yet one small knot remained in his mind, refusing to come loose.

"," he said at last, "may I ask you something, even now?"

"Ask," said , and there was warmth in the single word.

"You have used two words again and again. Sannyāsa. Tyāga. When you say them, you say them as if they were two different birds. But to my ear they sing the same song. Both mean letting go. Both mean opening the hand. How are they not the same?"

turned, and his eyes held the patient delight of a teacher whose student has finally noticed the most important thing in the room.

"You have caught the very edge of the truth, ," he said. "Two words that sound alike, yet point to different doors."

pressed on, the way he had pressed forward in a hundred battles. "Then take them apart for me. Hold up sannyāsa in one hand and tyāga in the other, and show me, separately, what each truly is. Do not blend them. Do not hurry. I have come too far to leave with a blur where there should be two clear shapes."

A heron lifted off from the riverbank far behind them, white against the deepening sky, and flew slowly toward home.

smiled. "A wise question," he said, "is like a careful hand untying a knot — gentle, patient, refusing to pull until the loop comes free on its own. You do not want a quick answer. You want the right one. Very well. Listen, and I will set these two before you, each in its own place, each in its own light."

And , who had asked his last great question, folded his hands and grew still, ready to receive the final teaching of all.

चिन्तनम्

Have you ever had two words you thought meant the same thing, until someone showed you they were different? Why does it help to take ideas apart and look at them one at a time?